SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
To be yang digunakan ( is, am, are )
POSITIVE ( AFFIRMATIVE ) FORM (+) : Subject + TO BE ( am / is / are ) + …
NEGATIVE FORM (-) : Subject + TO BE ( am / is / are) + NOT + …
QUESTION FORM (?) : TO BE ( am / is / are) + Subject + …
NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM (?) : TO BE ( am / is / are) + NOT + Subject + …
SHORT ANSWER FORMS : ( + / – ) : YES / NO + Subject + TO BE ( am / is / are) or TO BE ( am / is / are) + NOT
POSITIVE SENTENCES AND CONTRACTIONS WITH TO BE
| SUBJECT | TO BE | POSITIVE (+) | POSITIVE CONTRACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am ready | I’m ready |
| You | are | You are ready. | You’re ready. |
| He | is | He is ready. | He’s ready. |
| She | is | She is ready. | She’s ready. |
| It | is | It is ready. | It’s ready. |
| We | are | We are ready. | We’re ready |
| You | are | You are ready. | You're ready. |
| They | are | They are ready. | They're ready. |
- She is clever. / She’s clever.
- We are businessmen. / We’re businessmen.
- They are in the park. / They’re in the park.
- It is on the table. / It’s on the table.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES AND CONTRACTIONS WITH TO BE
| SUBJECT | TO BE | NEGATIVE(+) |
|---|---|---|
| I | am not | I am not ready |
| You | are not | You are not ready. |
| He | is not | He is not ready. |
| She | is not | She is not ready. |
| It | is not | It is not ready. |
| We | are not | We are not ready. |
| You | are not | You are not ready. |
| They | are not | They are not ready. |
| NEGATIVE CONTRACTIONS (SUBJECT + TO BE) | NEGATIVE CONTRACTIONS ( TO BE + NOT ) |
|---|---|
| I am ( I’m ) not ready. | I am not ( am not ) ready. |
| You are ( You’re ) not ready. | You are not (aren’t ) ready. |
| He is / He’s not ready. | He isn’t ready. |
| She is / She’s not ready. | She isn’t ready. |
| It is / It’s not ready. | It isn’t ready. |
| We are / We’re not ready. | You aren’t ready. |
| You are / You’re not ready. | We aren’t ready. |
| They are / They’re not ready. | They aren’t ready. |
Notes:
1. To make the positive ( affirmative ) sentences negative, put ‘ not’ after the verbs.
Examples:
- I am not intelligent.
- She is not a doctor.
- We are not married.
2. Sentences made by ‘ am/ is /are ‘ as auxiliary verbs have two negative contractions;
a. First contraction is made with subject and the verb.
Examples:
- I am ( I’m ) not a pilot.
- You are ( You’re ) not children.
- He is ( He’s) not a fireman.
b. Second contraction is made with the verb and ‘not’.
Examples:
- She is not (isn’t) a beautiful woman.
- We are not ( aren’t ) at home.
- They are not (aren’t ) from Canada.
3. As you can see from the chart, we can not make contraction with the verb ‘am’ and not
Examples:
- I am not a teacher.
We can not make a contraction like this ‘am +not = amn’t’ instead of this, we use first contraction made with subject and verb ‘ I + am = I’am) namely,
- I am not a teacher = I’m not a teacher
- I am not happy. / I’m not happy.
- I am not in the garden. / I’m not in the garden.
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE QUESTIONS WITH TO BE
| POSITIVE QUESTION (?) | NEGATIVE QUESTION (?) |
|---|---|
| Am I ready? | Am I not ready? |
| Are you ready? | Aren’t you ready? |
| Is he ready? | Isn’t he ready? |
| Is she ready? | Isn’t she ready? |
| Is it ready? | Isn’t it ready? |
| Are we ready? | Aren’t we ready? |
| Are you ready? | Aren’t you ready? |
| Are they ready? | Aren’t they ready? |
Note:
To make question sentences from positive or negative sentences, put verb or ‘verb + not‘ before the subject. If you want to make negative questions, you can use the contractions.
Examples:
- Am I crazy?
- Is she a doctor?
- Are you from Spain?
- Are they marry?
- Isn’t it on the desk?
- Aren’t you friends?
Exception to the rule:
If you want to build a negative question using the verb ‘ am ‘, put the verb first, and then subject and ‘not’.
AM + SUBJECT PRONOUNS + NOT + …
Examples:
- Am I not sick?
- Am I not tired?
- Am I not ready?
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS WITH TO BE
| POSITIVE SHORT ANSWER | NEGATIVE SHORT ANSWER |
|---|---|
| Yes, I am | No, I’m not |
| Yes, you are | No, you aren’t |
| Yes, he is | No, he isn’t |
| Yes, she is | No, she isn’t |
| Yes, it is | No, it isn’t |
| Yes, we are | No, we aren’t |
| Yes, you are | No, you aren’t |
| Yes, they are | No, they aren’t |
Examples:
- Are you sure? – Yes, I am or No, I am not
- Is he late? – yes, he is late or No, he is not late
- Aren’t they good at math? Yes, they are or No, they aren’t
- Aren’t you sick? Yes, I am— No, I am not
- Is it a cat ? yes, it is — no it isn’t
- Is she ill? Yes she il lor No she isn’t
Notes:
1. We don’t use contractions in positive short answers
Examples:
- Yes, I am ( we do not use I’m)
- Yes,you are ( we do not use you’re)
- Yes, he is ( we do not use he’s)
2. Do not forget to pay attention to use of some subject pronouns ( such as I, You ) while answering questions.
Examples:
- Am I sick?
- Yes, you are / No you aren’t
- Are you at home?
- Yes, I am / No, I am not
3. We can also use a question word (Who, What, Why etc.) with to be in present tense.
Question Words (who, what, why, etc.) + TO BE ( am/is/are ) + subject + …
Examples:
- Why are you late every day?
- Who is she?
- Where are they from?
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